Exposure to significant quantities of mold spores can cause allergic reactions. Under proper growing conditions, some species of molds may generate molecular compounds called mycotoxins. In large quantities or with chronic exposure, mycotoxins can be toxic to humans or animals.

For significant mold growth to occur, there must be a source of water and a substrate capable of sustaining the growth. Many common building materials, such as drywall, wood, carpets, and carpet padding are capable of sustaining or contributing to mold growth.

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