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In re Oracle Corp. Derivative Litigation11/24/2004 that Minton prepares each Friday and circulates each Monday to a select group of Oracle executives on its "Executive Management Committee" or "EMC," a group that included Ellison and Henley.
The Upside Reports are the key documents that Henley uses to prepare for his quarterly conference call with market analysts that covers prior quarter results and provides his estimate of how Oracle will perform in the coming quarter. Most important, embedded within the Upside Reports is the best estimate that Minton has as to how Oracle will perform in the current quarter.
Because Upside Reports are the key forecasting tool of Oracle, an explanation of how they are prepared and what they contain is pertinent. The Upside Reports are generated on a ground up basis, from projections of revenues and costs from each of Oracle's revenue and cost-generating units. These projections estimate how each unit is likely to perform in terms of revenue generation and spending. Minton takes those projections - which are given to her each Wednesday evening - and develops a "Forecast Projection" that aggregates the figures received from the various units into company-wide figures.
That Forecast Projection is not, however, Oracle's best estimate of its performance. Instead, that best estimate is generated by Minton. She takes the unit-level input she receives and uses her judgment based on other input she receives in oral conversations with other Oracle executives and from other data to come up with Upside adjustments. These adjustments - which despite their name can be positive or negative for each unit - reflect Minton's estimate as to how each unit is likely to perform. After Minton's Upside Adjustments are applied to the Forecast Projection, what results is a "Potential Projection."
The term Potential Projection is a misnomer, as the Potential Projection did not, as one might expect, represent an estimate of what Oracle might achieve if things went optimally well, i.e., a best case scenario. Instead, the Potential Projection was the Financial Planning & Analysis Unit's (and Minton's) best estimate of how the current quarter was likely to turn out. Historically, the Potential Projections were the internal indicator that came closest to accurately predicting Oracle's eventual performance. By contrast, the raw Forecast Projection from the units was more inaccurate and often underestimated the actual results. Within Oracle top management, the unanimous sense was that the sales units tended to be overly conservative in forecasting, believing that it was better to exceed the unit's forecast by a good deal than it was to fail to meet a forecast given to the CEO and CFO. For this reason, it was not unusual for Minton to adjust the unit forecasts upward. Even these revisions tended to remain conservative (probably for similar reasons). Relying on these revisions, Oracle had time and again met or exceeded its guidance. For these reasons, Henley and Ellison had no prior experiences that warned that they should expect overly aggressive forecasts from the sales units - or from Minton, for that matter.
For all these reasons, I therefore refer to Potential Projections as the Best Estimates because that more accurately describes their intended purpose.
While the Upside Reports were the primary forecasting document for Oracle, they were supplemented by two other types of documents that bear mention. The first are "Pipeline Reports." These Reports contained detailed information from the sales units regarding the size of the Pipeline containing Oracle's developing License deals, information that included the value of the License deals that the sales units reasonably believed that the
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