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Webb v. T.d.12/30/1997
Rehearing Denied January 30, 1998.
Submitted November 20, 1997.
The plaintiff, Diana L. Webb, filed a complaint in the District Court for the Thirteenth Judicial District in Yellowstone County in which she alleged that she was injured as a result of a negligent orthopedic examination performed by Robert K. Snider, M.D. Dr. Snider had examined her at the request of her employer's workers' compensation insurance carrier. The District Court granted summary judgment to Dr. Snider on the basis that he owed claimant no duty because he had no physician-patient relationship with her. Webb appeals from that order and judgment. We reverse the judgment of the District Court.
The issue on appeal is whether a physician who performs a medical examination of an individual at the request of a third party has a duty of care to the examinee and, if so, what is the scope of that duty.
FACTUAL BACKGROUND
The following facts were before the District Court by deposition or affidavit. Because Webb's claim was resolved by summary judgment, we set forth only those facts most favorable to her claim.
Diana Webb suffered a work-related injury to her lower back in 1986. From April through August of that year, she received treatment on one occasion from a physical therapist and periodically from a chiropractor for pain relief. The only medical doctor who examined her back was Robert K. Snider, M.D., an orthopedic surgeon, to whom she was referred by the State Compensation Insurance Fund. She saw Dr. Snider on October 7, 1986. He examined her and had her undergo a CAT scan of her back to help determine whether she had herniated an intervertebral disc.
Following Dr. Snider's examination and review of the CAT scan film, he wrote her the following letter on October 8, 1986:
Mrs. Edward Webb Box 45 Belfry, MT 59008
Dear Diana:
I have reviewed the CAT scan, and it looks excellent. There is no evidence of a ruptured disc. I think that the problems that you are having are of a back sprain, and I don't feel that any surgical treatment will be necessary.
I indicated to workers' compensation that I feel that you can work, and I gave them an impairment rating of 2 percent applied to the whole person.
If you feel that you cannot return to your original job , then you need to discuss this with workers' compensation.
Sincerely,
Robert K. Snider, M.D.
According to Webb's testimony, because Dr. Snider was the only physician who had actually examined her, she relied on his advice and sought no further treatment for her back injury . She eventually returned to an occupation in which she performed heavy labor, severely herniated an intervertebral disc in her lower back, and has significant physical limitations as a result of that additional back injury .
Lawrence Guinney, M.D., is an orthopedic surgeon who, at Webb's request, reviewed her medical records, including those prepared by Dr. Snider, and the CAT scan done at Dr. Snider's request in 1986. It was his opinion that, contrary to the advice of Dr. Snider, that film showed an abnormal bulging disc at the level between Webb's fifth lumbar vertebra and first sacral vertebra and that Dr. Snider departed from the accepted standard of care for orthopedic surgeons by failing to note the abnormality. It was his opinion that as a result of Dr. Snider's misdiagnosis in 1986 and his failure to limit Webb's work-related activity, she suffered a herniation of the same disc in 1989 from which she suffered nerve root compression. Dr. Guinney concluded that the pain and dy
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