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Trujillo v. Farmers Insurance Exchange3/25/1993
Defendant, Farmers Insurance Exchange (Farmers), appeals from a trial court judgment finding it liable under a policy of insurance for injuries sustained by the plaintiff, David R. Trujillo, from an accident with a trailer jack. We affirm.
The facts are undisputed. Trujillo was injured while using a camper jack to raise a camper shell in order to secure it to a pick-up truck belonging to Jose Torres, the named insured on the Farmers' policy. The pick-up truck was parked a few feet in front of the shell. While raising the camper, the jack failed, and the camper shell fell to one side, injuring Trujillo.
The policy in question provides coverage for bodily injury "to an insured person caused by an accident arising out of the operation or use of a motor vehicle." Trujillo made a demand for personal injury protection (PIP) benefits under the policy. Farmers denied this demand, asserting that the accident did not arise out of the use of Torres' pickup truck and that, therefore, Trujillo was not an insured under the policy. Farmers also denied Trujillo's request for arbitration under the policy for the same reason.
Trujillo then brought this action, seeking an order compelling arbitration. On Trujillo's motion for summary judgment, the trial court ruled that Trujillo is entitled to coverage under the policy. It further ruled that Trujillo was not collaterally estopped from seeking damages from Farmers when Trujillo had already successfully collected a judgment against the rental agency that rented Torres the jack. The trial court did, however, direct that the $4,100 awarded for economic loss in the suit against the rental agent should be deducted from any payment by Farmers in order to avoid double recovery.
I.
Farmers first argues that the trial court erred as a matter of law in determining that Trujillo was insured under its policy for this accident. We disagree.
Section 10-4-707(1)(c), C.R.S. (1987 Repl. Vol. 4A) of the Colorado Auto Accident Reparations Act (No-Fault Act) requires an insurance company to pay PIP benefits for, "accidental bodily injury arising out of accidents . . . sustained . . . while a pedestrian if injured in an accident involving the described motor vehicle."
The term "involving" in the statute means the same as the customary phrase "arising out of the use of a motor vehicle." Trinity Universal Insurance Co. v. Hall, 690 P.2d 227 (Colo. 1984). Either phrase signifies a requirement of a causal relationship between the injury and the use of the vehicle. This relationship is determined by application of a "but for" test: an accident arises out of the use of a vehicle if the accident would not have happened "but for a conceivable use of the insured vehicle that is not foreign to its inherent purpose." Kohl v. Union Insurance Co., 731 P.2d 134, 135 (Colo. 1986).
In cases concerning the loading and unloading of vehicles, the "complete operations" test, which encompasses the entire process involved in the movement of items, is followed. There still must be, however, a relationship between the vehicle and the accident, and therefore, the sufficiency of any causal relationship can only be determined only by considering the particular facts surrounding an accident. Titan Construction Co. v. Nolf, 183 Colo. 188, 515 P.2d 1123 (1973). A showing that the injury originated in, grew out of, or flowed from a use of the vehicle is sufficient. Azar v. Employers Casualty Co., 178 Colo. 58, 495 P.2d 554 (1972); Truck Insurance Exchange v. Home Insurance Co.,
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