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Richards v. Town of Valdese12/6/1988
N.C.G.S. § 97-2(6), as amended in 1983, defines injury under the Workers' Compensation Act as follows:
Injury. -- "Injury and personal injury " shall mean only injury by accident arising out of and in the course of the employment, and shall not include a disease in any form, except where it results naturally and unavoidably from the accident. With respect to back injuries, however, where injury to the back arises out of and in the course of the employment and is the direct result of a specific traumatic incident of the work assigned, "injury by accident" shall be construed to include any disabling physical injury to the back arising out of and causally related to such incident.
The amendment supplements the original definition of an accident, and provides a back injury claimant two theories on which to proceed. See Caskie v. R.M. Butler & Co., 85 N.C. App. 266, 354 S.E.2d 242 (1987).
The first option presented a back injury claimant is to prove that he or she was injured by an accident. N.C.G.S. § 97-2(6) (Cum. Supp. 1987). The North Carolina Supreme Court has defined accident as an unlooked for and untoward event, which is not expected or designed by the injured person. Adams v. Burlington Industries, 61 N.C. App. 258, 260, 300 S.E.2d 455, 456 (1983); Hensly v. Cooperative, 246 N.C. 274, 98 S.E.2d 289 (1957).
The second option presented to a back injury claimant is to prove that his injury arose from a specific traumatic incident. N.C.G.S. § 97-2(6) (Cum. Supp. 1987); see Caskie, 85 N.C. App. 266, 354 S.E.2d 242 (1987).
The Full Commission adopted the Deputy Commissioner's conclusions that, as a matter of law, Richards sustained a back injury neither as a result of an accident, nor as a result of a specific traumatic injury. The conclusion that Richards suffered no injury
as a result of a specific traumatic injury is error for the reasons stated below, and the judgment must be vacated and the cause remanded. See Roach v. Lupoli Construction Co., 88 N.C. App. 271, 362 S.E.2d 823 (1987).
The findings of fact by the Industrial Commission are conclusive on appeal, if there is any competent evidence to support them, and even if there is evidence that would support contrary findings. Adams, 61 N.C. App. 258, 300 S.E.2d 455 (1983); Jackson v. Highway Commission, 272 N.C. 697, 158 S.E.2d 865 (1968). Conclusions of law based on these findings, however, are subject to review by the appellate courts. Anderson v. A.M. Smyre Mfg. Co., 54 N.C. App. 337, 283 S.E.2d 433 (1981); Barham v. Food World, 300 N.C. 329, 266 S.E.2d 676, reh'g denied, 300 N.C. 562, 270 S.E.2d 105 (1980).
The 1983 amendment to N.C.G.S. § 97-2(6) relaxes the requirement that there be some unusual circumstance that accompanies a back injury. Bradley v. E.B. Sportswear, Inc., 77 N.C. App. 450, 452, 335 S.E.2d 52, 53 (1985). We believe that through the amendment, the General Assembly also recognized the complex nature of back injuries, and did not intend to limit the definition of specific traumatic incident to an instantaneous occurrence. Back injuries that occur gradually, over long periods of time, are not
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